Second, the contribution of the three view sources to video popularity growth is investigated. It is found that while search and highlight create an effect of rich-get-richer, the related video recommendation equalizes the view distribution and helps users find niche videos. First, the impact of each view source on the view diversity and on the view share of each individual video is analyzed. The work of this paper is to identify three major view sources, related video recommendation, YouTube search, and video highlight such as popular video list on YouTube homepage or video embedding on social networking sites, and examine the patterns of views from each view source. Discovering the major sources that drive views to a video and understanding how they impact the view growth pattern have become interesting topics for researchers as well as advertisers, media companies, or anyone who wish to have a shortcut to stardom. Finally, we report on recent work by the authors to extend conceptual testing beyond the multiple-choice format.Īs the largest video sharing site around the world, YouTube has been changing the way people entertain, gain popularity, and advertise. We focus here on the FCI and ask how useful concept inventories are for evaluating learning gains. The success of concept inventories in physics has spawned concept inventories in chemistry, biology, astronomy, materials science and maths, to name a few. This case study will focus on one of the main tools employed: the concept inventory and in particular the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). There are also models and theories containing complex ideas and interrelationships that must be understood, and considerable attention has been devoted across a range of scientific disciplines to measuring understanding. Scientific knowledge is factual, having been tested against empirical observation and experimentation, but knowledge of facts alone is not enough.
Indeed, in formulating learning outcomes the word ‘understanding’ is usually avoided, but in the sciences, developing understanding is one of the main aims of instruction. Measuring understanding is notoriously difficult.
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